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Developing macromolecular therapeutics: the future drug-of-choice

Huining HE, Victor C. YANG, Weibing DONG, Junbo GONG, Jingkang WANG,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 10-17 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0291-5

摘要： Macromolecular drugs including peptides, proteins, antibodies, polysaccharides and nucleic acids have been widely used for therapy of major diseases such as carcinoma and AIDS as well as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders among other medical conditions. Due to their unmatched properties of high selectivity and efficiency, macromolecular drugs have been recognized as the drug-of-choice of the future. Since worldwide progress on macromolecular therapeutics still remains in the infant stage and is therefore wide open for equal-ground competition, R&D related to macromolecular drugs should be considered as the main point of focus in China in setting up its strategic plans in pharmaceutical development. In this article, research strategies and drug delivery approaches that should be adopted to enhance the therapeutic effects of macromolecular drugs are reviewed. In addition, comments concerning how to implement such strategies to excel from competition in this challenging research field, such as the design of innovative and highly effective delivery systems of macromolecular drugs with self-owned intellectual property rights, are provided.

关键词： worldwide challenging effective macromolecular self-owned intellectual

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吉利自主车型的综合性能开发与CAE 协同优化技术

门永新,唐辉,彭鸿,朱贞英,严永贵

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第1期页码 23-35

摘要：

为了完成集碰撞安全性、乘坐舒适性、结构可靠性和成本控制等诸多性能于一体的车型开发，需要在汽车新产品开发的整个过程中，充分运用计算机辅助工程（CAE）分析技术，通过多学科交叉和多目标优化手段，兼顾综合性能目标和整车开发效率。本文依托吉利车型研发流程，引入参数化柔性技术和多系统优化方法，实施整车碰撞、噪声振动舒适性（NVH）和结构强度等性能的预测和优化，保证整车综合性能和设计效能，最终实现吉利自主品牌车型的高效开发。

关键词：自主品牌综合性能 CAE 仿真优化高效开发

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中国改进型压水堆核电技术——CPR1000的形成

濮继龙

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第3期页码 54-57

摘要：

介绍了目前正在建设的岭澳核电站（二期）和辽宁红沿河核电站所采用技术——CPR1000的形成过程及其中的重要技术创新点。

关键词：压水堆 CPR1000 自主品牌

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把国有企业做强做久——论人制管理与国企的可持续发展

夏国洪

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第3期页码 75-82

摘要：

在严酷的国际化竞争形势下，如何把国有企业做强、做久，是每一位国企领导者需要研究回答的问题。文章论述了企业管理中“人”和“制”这两个要素及其内涵的辨证关系，进而将其概括为“人制管理”的理念。文章指出，把国企做强，就要依靠人才，依靠科技创新，不断提升国企的核心竞争力；把国企做久，成为长寿企业，就要依靠制度创新。“用能人”是把国企做强、做久的关键；“建新制” 则是把国企做强、做久的保证。文章阐述了中国航天科工集团公司贯彻“人制管理”理念的实践情况和效果。

关键词：国有企业管理可持续发展

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Firm Innovation Systems: Perspectives of Researches on State-owned Key Enterprises

Jin Chen,Shu-fang Huang,Qing-rui Xu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 64-70 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015017

摘要： Based on the origin of the innovation theory and the technological innovation models of Rothwell, this paper puts forward four-generations of evolutionary models using the firm innovation system: “Internal R&D-Oriented Innovation System”, “Internal and External Collaborative Innovation System”, “Highly Strategic-Oriented Innovation System” and “Ecological Innovation System”. This paper dwells on the characteristics and relationship between each innovation system, and the role in the enterprise innovation especially the State-owned Key Enterprises innovation, so as to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the design and improvement of the State-owned Key Enterprises innovation system.

关键词： firm innovation system state-owned key enterprises ecology evolution

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企业知识产权战略设计与核心竞争力

袁俊

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第11期页码 88-92

摘要：

实施知识产权战略设计，构建知识产权赢利模式，对增强企业核心竞争力，具有深远的战略意义；针对企业在知识产权保护方面存在的问题，提出相应对策和建议。

关键词：知识产权技术创新核心竞争力

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数字时代的知识产权保护

Kamil Idris

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第10期页码 4-7

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中央企业应该也能够率先成为自主创新的主体

顾大钊

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第10期页码 9-13

摘要：

系统分析了中央企业在我国经济中的地位和作用、中央企业本身技术需求、经济实力、科技资源和成果转化特点，指出中央企业应该也能够率先成为自主创新的主体。而要实现这一目标，必须充分调动企业、企业科技管理人员和企业研发人员技术创新的积极性，结合神华的成功经验，提出了企业基于技术资源整合成为自主创新主体的新模式。

关键词：中央企业技术创新资源整合

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Exploring self-organization and self-adaption for smart manufacturing complex networks

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 206-222 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0225-1

摘要： Trends toward the globalization of the manufacturing industry and the increasing demands for small-batch, short-cycle, and highly customized products result in complexities and fluctuations in both external and internal manufacturing environments, which poses great challenges to manufacturing enterprises. Fortunately, recent advances in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and the widespread use of embedded processors and sensors in factories enable collecting real-time manufacturing status data and building cyber–physical systems for smart, flexible, and resilient manufacturing systems. In this context, this paper investigates the mechanisms and methodology of self-organization and self-adaption to tackle exceptions and disturbances in discrete manufacturing processes. Specifically, a general model of smart manufacturing complex networks is constructed using scale-free networks to interconnect heterogeneous manufacturing resources represented by network vertices at multiple levels. Moreover, the capabilities of physical manufacturing resources are encapsulated into virtual manufacturing services using cloud technology, which can be added to or removed from the networks in a plug-and-play manner. Materials, information, and financial assets are passed through interactive links across the networks. Subsequently, analytical target cascading is used to formulate the processes of self-organizing optimal configuration and self-adaptive collaborative control for multilevel key manufacturing resources while particle swarm optimization is used to solve local problems on network vertices. Consequently, an industrial case based on a Chinese engine factory demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed model and method in handling typical exceptions. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism and method outperform the event-triggered rescheduling method, reducing manufacturing cost, manufacturing time, waiting time, and energy consumption, with reasonable computational time. This work potentially enables managers and practitioners to implement active perception, active response, self-organization, and self-adaption solutions in discrete manufacturing enterprises.

关键词： cyber–physical systems Industrial Internet of Things smart manufacturing complex networks self-organization and self-adaption analytical target cascading collaborative optimization

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中国当代科学家的创造性人格

甘自恒

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第5期页码 35-42

摘要：

探讨了两个问题：创造性人格概述；中国当代科学家创造性人格的基本素质。前者细分为什么是创造性人格，创造性人格的作用，中国当代科学家创造性人格的意义；后者从数十位有代表性的中国当代科学家的传记和相关文献中概括出中国科学家创造性人格的10种基本素质：高尚的理想和志向；爱国主义精神；善于合作的精神；善于提出和讨论问题的精神；善于综合、勇于创新的精神；甘于奉献、敢冒风险的精神；求实严谨的治学精神；逆境发愤、老当益壮的精神；尊敬师长、关爱晚辈的精神；争创一流、再创辉煌的精神。

关键词：科学家创造性人格非智力因素人格素质

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Protecting traditional knowledge of Chinese medicine: concepts and proposals

Changhua Liu, Man Gu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 212-218 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0142-x

摘要： With the development of the knowledge economy, knowledge has become one of the most important resources for social progress and economic development. Some countries have proposed measures for the protection of their own traditional knowledge. Traditional Chinese medicine belongs to the category of intangible cultural heritage because it is an important part of Chinese cultural heritage. Today the value of traditional knowledge of Chinese medicine has been widely recognized by the domestic and international public. This paper discusses the definition of traditional knowledge of Chinese medicine and its protection, and evaluates research on its classification. We review the present status of the protection of traditional knowledge of Chinese medicine and tentatively put forward some possible ideas and methods for the protection of traditional knowledge of Chinese medicine. Our goal is to find a way to strengthen the vitality of traditional Chinese medicine and consolidate its foundation. We believe that if we could establish a suitable ( is a Latin term meaning “of its own kind” and is often used in discussions about protecting the rights of indigenous peoples. Here we use it to emphasize the fact that protection of traditional knowledge of Chinese medicine cannot be achieved through existing legal means of protection alone due to its unique characteristics) system for traditional knowledge, a more favorable environment for the preservation and development of traditional Chinese medicine will ultimately be created.

关键词： protection of traditional knowledge traditional Chinese medicine intellectual property sui generis system

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Panoramic variation analysis of a family with neurodevelopmental disorders caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in , , and

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1006-x

摘要： Highly clinical and genetic heterogeneity of neurodevelopmental disorders presents a major challenge in clinical genetics and medicine. Panoramic variation analysis is imperative to analyze the disease phenotypes resulting from multilocus genomic variation. Here, a Pakistani family with parental consanguinity was presented, characterized with severe intellectual disability (ID), spastic paraplegia, and deafness. Homozygosity mapping, integrated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, whole-exome sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing were performed, and homozygous variants in TMEM141 (c.270G>A, p.Trp90*), DDHD2 (c.411+767_c.1249-327del), and LHFPL5 (c.250delC, p.Leu84*) were identified. A Tmem141^{p.Trp90*/p.Trp90*} mouse model was generated. Behavioral studies showed impairments in learning ability and motor coordination. Brain slice electrophysiology and Golgi staining demonstrated deficient synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons and abnormal dendritic branching in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed abnormal mitochondrial morphology. Furthermore, studies on a human in vitro neuronal model (SH-SY5Y cells) with stable shRNA-mediated knockdown of TMEM141 showed deleterious effect on bioenergetic function, possibly explaining the pathogenesis of replicated phenotypes in the cross-species mouse model. Conclusively, panoramic variation analysis revealed that multilocus genomic variations of TMEM141, DDHD2, and LHFPL5 together caused variable phenotypes in patient. Notably, the biallelic loss-of-function variants of TMEM141 were responsible for syndromic ID.

关键词： neurodevelopmental disorder autosomal recessive intellectual disability consanguinity spastic paraplegia hearing loss TMEM141

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Emerging trends in self-healable nanomaterials for triboelectric nanogenerators: A comprehensive review

《能源前沿（英文）》页码 727-750 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0896-2

摘要： A thorough analysis of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) that make use of self-healable nanomaterials is presented in this review. These TENGs have shown promise as independent energy sources that do not require an external power source to function. TENGs are developing into a viable choice for powering numerous applications as low-power electronics technology advances. Despite having less power than conventional energy sources, TENGs do not directly compete with these. TENGs, on the other hand, provide unique opportunities for future self-powered systems and might encourage advancements in energy and sensor technologies. Examining the many approaches used to improve nanogenerators by employing materials with shape memory and self-healable characteristics is the main goal of this review. The findings of this comprehensive review provide valuable information on the advancements and possibilities of TENGs, which opens the way for further research and advancement in this field. The discussion of life cycle evaluations of TENGs provides details on how well they perform in terms of the environment and identifies potential improvement areas. Additionally, the cost-effectiveness, social acceptability, and regulatory implications of self-healing TENGs are examined, as well as their economic and societal ramifications.

关键词： triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) self-healable nanomaterials self-powered devices energy

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Modular structure of a self-reconfigurable robot

FEI Yanqiong, DONG Qinglei, ZHAO Xifang

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第1期页码 116-119 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0020-z

摘要： This paper proposes a novel, hermaphroditic, and lattice self-reconfigurable modular robot. Each module is composed of a center body a cubic part and six sides that can rotate independently. There are two holes and two extensible pegs on each side. The rotary motion of each side and the extensible motion of the pegs are generated by a motor connected to a reducer, using a cone-shaped gear, belt, clutch, etc. The structure of the module is compact, and has space to extend further.

关键词： compact self-reconfigurable modular hermaphroditic cone-shaped clutch

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Signal separation technology for diphase opposition giant magnetostrictive self-sensing actuator

Xinhua WANG, Shuwen SUN, Jian ZHEN, Qianyi YA, Deguo WANG,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第2期页码 176-183 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0001-5

摘要： The structure and principle of a new type of a diphase opposition giant magnetostrictive self-sensing actuator is introduced. A bridge analysis model based on variable inductance is established. Dynamic balance separation technology for the giant magnetostrictive self-sensing actuator comes true by the least means square (LMS) self-adapting algorithm. The scheme design of one important part of the circuit with the real-time separation circuit of the dynamic balance signal based on a digital signal processor is obtained. The part of the signal separated circuit is designed, which includes logarithmic-antilog practical multiplication circuit, amplifying circuit, filter circuits, and amplifier circuit. Based on the embedded system simulation software—PROTUES, the simulation effect of the circuit that separates the sensing signal from the mixed signals is obvious, which indicates that the circuit can rapidly and stably work. Moreover, the structure is simple, reliable, and meets the practical requirement.

关键词： giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) self-sensing actuator least means square (LMS) self-adapting algorithm design of self-adaptive circuit